استفاده نادرست حروف اضافه ( بخش اول)

استفاده نادرست حرف اضافه: Using a Wrong Preposition:i

استفاده نادرست حرف اضافه

اشتباهات اغلب با به کار بردن حرف اضافه غلط بعد از کلمات معین رخ می دهند.

فهرست زیر شامل کلماتی می باشد که اغلب درد سر ساز می باشند:

[wptabs type="accordion"]
  [wptabcontent]1. Absorbed (= very much interested) in, not at.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The man was absorbed at his work.
 Say: The man was absorbed in his work. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]2. Accuse of not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: She accused the man for stealing.
 Say: She accused the man of stealing.

 Note: Charge takes with: The man was charged with murder. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]3. Accustomed  to,  not  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  I'm  accustomed with hot weather.
 Say: I'm accustomed to  hot weather. 

 Note: Also used to: He is used to the heat. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]4. Afraid  of,  not  from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Laura is afraid from the  dog.
 Say: Laura is afraid of the dog. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]5. Aim at, not on or against.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: She aimed on (or against) the target.
 Say: She aimed at the target.

 Note: Use the preposition at to denote direction: throw at, shout at, fire at, shoot at.
 Shoot (without the at) means to kill: He shot a bird (= he hit and killed it). [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]6. Angry with, not against.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The teacher was angry against him.
 Say: The teacher was angry with him.
 Note 1: We get angry with a person but at a thing: We was angry at the weather
 (not: with the weather).
 Note 2 Also annoyed with, vexed with, indignant with a person, but at a thing. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]7. Anxious (= troubled) about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: They're anxious for his health.
Say: They're anxious about his health.

Note: Anxious meaning wishing very much takes for. 
Parents are anxious for their children's success. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]8. Arrive at, not to.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: We arrived to the village at night.
Say: We arrived at the village at night.

Note: Use arrive in with countries and large cities. Mr Smith has arrived in
London (or New York, India, etc.) [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]9. Ashamed of, not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: He's now ashamed from his conduct.
Say: He's now ashamed of his conduct.
Note: It isn't correct to use ashamed of meaning shy. Ashamed means feeling shame or 
guilt about something. Shy means feeling nervous with someone. 
Instead of saying: I'm ashamed (or shamed) of my teacher, say: I'm shy of my teacher. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]10. Believe in, not to.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: We believe to God.
Say:  We believe in God.

Note: To believe in means to have faith in. To believe (without the in) means to regard 
something as true: I believe everything he says. [/wptabcontent]

 [wptabcontent]11. Boast of or about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: James boasted for his strength.
Say: James boasted of (or about) his strength.
 [/wptabcontent]

 [wptabcontent]12. Careful of, with or about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Elke's very careful for her health.
Say: Elke's very careful of/about her health.
Or: You should be more careful with your money.

Note: Take care of: He takes care of his money.
 [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]13.  Travel by train, etc., not with the train, etc.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: He travelled with the train yesterday.
Say: He travelled by train yesterday.
Note: We say: by train, by boat by plane, by bike;
also, by land, by sea, by air, by bus; in a bus 
or on a bus; by car or in a car, by taxi or in a 
taxi; on horse-back, on a donkey, on a bicycle; on foot. [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]14. Complain about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Annette complained for the weather.
Say: Annette complained about the weather.

Note: When talking about illness we use
 complain of. We say: She
complained of a sore throat. [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]15. Composed of, not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Our class is composed from thirty students.
Say: Our class is composed of thirty students. [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]16. Confidence in,  not  to.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I have great confidence to you.
Say: I have great confidence in you.

Note: In confidence: Let me tell you something in confidence (= as a secret) [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]17. Conform to,  not  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:'We must  conform with the  rules.
Say: We must conform to the rules.

Note: comply takes with. We'll comply with your request. [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]18. Congratulate on,  not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I  congratulate you for your success.
Say: I congratulate you on your success. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]19. Consist  of,  not  from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: A  year consists from twelve  months.
Say: A year consists of twelve months.

Note: Take great care never to use consist in the passive form. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]20. Covered with,  not by.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The mountains are covered by snow.
Say: The mountains are covered with/in snow. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]21. Cure  of,  not from[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The man was cured from his illness.
Say: The man was cured of his illness.

Note: The noun cure takes for There is no cure for that disease. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]22. Depend on  or upon,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: It depends from her.
Say: It depends on (or upon) her.

Note: Rely on or upon. I can't rely on (or upon) him. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]23.  Deprive  of,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Nelson Mandela was  deprived  from his freedom.
Say: Nelson Mandela was deprived of his freedom. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]24.  Die of an illness, not from an illness.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Many people  have  died from malaria.
Say: Many people have died of malaria.

Note: People die of illness, of hunger, of thirst, of or from 
wounds; from overwork; by violence, by the sword, by pestilence; 
in battle; for their country, for a cause; through neglect; on the scaffold; at the stake. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]25.  Different  from,  not  than.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  My book  is  different than yours.
Say: My book is different from yours. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]26.  Disappointed by,  about or at,  not from. (a). by/at/about:[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Phillipa was  disappointed from the  low mark she got in the test.
Say: Phillipa was disappointed by/about/at the low mark she got in the test.(b). with/in:
Don't say: Jane  was  disappointed  from her  son.
Say: Jane was  disappointed with/in her son.
Note: Before a person we use with or in, before a thing we use at, 
about or by and before a gerund we use at; Keith is very disappointed at not winning the prize. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]27.  Divide into parts, not in parts.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I  divided the cake in four parts.
Say: I divided the cake into four parts.

Note: A thing may be divided in half or in two: Paul divided the apple in half
(or in two).
 [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]28.  No doubt (n) of or about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  I've no doubt for his ability,
Say: I've no  doubt of (or about) his ability.

Note: Doubtful of: I am doubtful of his ability to pass. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]29. Dressed in,  not  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The woman was dressed with black.
Say: The woman was dressed in black.

Note: The woman was in black is also correct. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]30.  Exception to, not of.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: This is an exception of the rule.
Say: This is an exception to the rule.

Note: We say with the exception of: She liked all her subjects with the exception of physics
 [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]31.  Exchange for, not by.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: He exchanged his collection of matchboxes by some foreign stamps.
Say: He exchanged his collection of matchboxes for
some  foreign stamps.

Note: In exchange for: He gave them his old car in exchange for a new one. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]32. Fail in,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Steven failed from maths last  year.
Say: Steven failed in maths last year. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]33. Full  of,  not  with  or from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The jar was full with  (or from)  oil.
Say: The jar was full of oil.

Note: Fill takes with: Jane filled the glass with water. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]34.  Get rid of,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I'll be  glad to get rid from him.
Say: I'll be glad to get rid of him.
 [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]35.  Glad  about, not from  or  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Francis was glad from (or with) receiving your  letter.
Say: Francis was glad about receiving your letter. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]36.  Good at, not in.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: My sister's good in maths.
Say: My sister's good at maths.

Note 1: Bad at, clever at, quick at, slow at, etc. However, weak in: He's
weak in grammar.
Note 2: He's good in class means that his conduct is good.
 [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]37.  Guard  against,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: You must guard from bad  habits.
Say: You must guard against bad  habits. [/wptabcontent]
[/wptabs]